Conservation is definitely not a 20th century movement, in fact it can be traced back to 1662. John Evelyn presented a paper to the Royal Society named Sylva, which 2 years later was published as a book. It was one of the most influential texts on forestry ever published. It was produced at a time when England's timber resources were becoming dangerously depleted, and Evelyn advocated the importance of conserving the forests by managing the rate of depletion and ensuring that the cut down trees were replaced.
Conservation was then revived in the mid-19th century, with the first practical application of conservation principles to forests in India. The conservation procedure included three core principles: that human activity damaged the environment, that there was an important duty to maintain the environment for future generations, and that scientific methods should be applied to ensure this duty was carried out.
In 1994, the UK became the first country to produce a national biodiversity action plan (the UK BAP), as part of its commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Since then, the four countries of the UK – England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales – have produced their own biodiversity conservation strategies.
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